Petra: The History and Why You Should Visit

Petra, often called the “Rose City” due to its stunning pink sandstone cliffs, is one of the most remarkable archaeological sites in the world. Hidden within the desert of southern Jordan, Petra is a testament to the ingenuity and craftsmanship of the Nabateans, who transformed this remote location into a thriving capital more than 2,000 years ago. Visiting Petra is more than just seeing ancient ruins – it’s an immersive experience that connects travellers with an ancient civilisation, remarkable history and breathtaking landscapes.

The Fascinating History of Petra

Petra’s history dates back to the 4th century BC when it became the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom. The Nabateans, a nomadic Arab tribe, built Petra as their trading hub due to its strategic location between major trading routes that connected the East and West. By controlling these routes, the Nabateans grew wealthy, facilitating trade in spices, incense, silk and other valuable goods.

Petra’s architecture showcases their advanced engineering skills, particularly in water conservation. In a desert with limited water sources, the Nabateans developed intricate systems of cisterns, aqueducts, and dams that enabled them to sustain their population. These innovations made Petra a thriving centre for trade and culture, and flourished for centuries.

At its peak, Petra housed an estimated 20,000 people. However, by the 7th century, its significance waned due to shifting trade routes and devastating earthquakes. Eventually, Petra was abandoned and forgotten by the outside world until Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt rediscovered it in 1812. Since then, it has been hailed as one of the most important archaeological discoveries in history.

Must-See Attractions in Petra

There’s no shortage of incredible sites to explore in Petra, and whether you’re a history buff, an adventurer, or a casual traveller, there’s something for everyone. Here are some of the must-see highlights:

1. The Treasury (Al-Khazneh)

The Treasury is perhaps Petra’s most iconic structure and is often the first stop for visitors entering the city. Carved directly into the sandstone cliff, this magnificent façade stands at an impressive 40 metres high. Its elaborate design with intricate carvings of mythological figures and gods reflects the Nabateans’ architectural prowess. While it is referred to as the “Treasury,” its exact purpose remains a mystery, though some historians believe it was a royal tomb.

2. The Siq

Before reaching The Treasury, you’ll walk through the Siq, a narrow canyon that serves as the main entrance to Petra. This natural gorge, with walls reaching up to 80 metres high, stretches for about 1.2 kilometres and offers a stunning prelude to the city. Along the way, you’ll find remnants of Nabatean water channels and carvings, making the journey through the Siq a unique blend of natural beauty and historical intrigue.

3. The Monastery (Ad-Deir)

For those willing to hike a bit further, the monastery is another must-see attraction in Petra. Similar in design to The Treasury but much larger, the Monastery sits atop a mountain and offers incredible views of the surrounding desert.

To reach it, visitors must climb over 800 steps, but the reward at the top is well worth the effort. This massive structure, with its simple yet imposing façade, is thought to have served religious purposes, though its exact function is still debated.

4. The Royal Tombs

The Royal Tombs, located on the east cliff of Petra, are a series of large, elaborately carved tombs that once housed Nabatean royalty. Each tomb has its unique features, with decorative carvings, columns, and massive entrances. From this vantage point, you can also get sweeping views of the city below, making it a popular spot for photography.

5. The Great Temple

The Great Temple complex is one of the largest freestanding structures in Petra and offers a glimpse into the grandeur of Nabatean public buildings. Covering over 7,500 square metres, the temple complex includes courtyards, colonnades and staircases. Archaeologists believe it was used for political and religious purposes, and ongoing excavations continue to reveal new information about its significance.

Why You Should Visit Petra

Petra isn’t just a site of historical significance; it’s also an incredibly beautiful and awe-inspiring place that has captured travellers for centuries. Here’s why you should add Petra to your travel list:

1. A Window into Ancient History

Walking through Petra is like stepping back in time. The city’s well-preserved ruins offer a rare chance to explore an ancient civilisation in its original setting. From the intricate carvings on the Treasury to the expansive Great Temple, each monument tells a story of the Nabateans’ rich culture, traditions, and innovative engineering.

2. Stunning Natural Scenery

Petra is not only famous for its archaeological marvels but also for its stunning natural landscapes. The red and pink sandstone cliffs, deep canyons, and expansive desert vistas provide a dramatic backdrop that makes the experience even more magical. Watching the sunset over the rose-coloured rocks is an unforgettable sight that will leave a lasting impression on any traveller.

3. Adventure and Exploration

Petra offers adventure for those seeking more than just sightseeing. The site is massive, covering around 60 square kilometres, and many of the best attractions require hiking to reach. Whether it’s the trek to the monastery or the climb to the High Place of Sacrifice, the sense of discovery in Petra is unparalleled. Plus, hiking through the rugged terrain of Wadi Musa is an adventure in itself.

4. A UNESCO World Heritage Site

In 1985, Petra was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognised for its ‘outstanding universal value’. This designation reflects Petra’s global significance as a cultural and historical treasure. By visiting Petra, you contribute to preserving and appreciating one of the world’s most important archaeological sites.

5. Petra by Night

For a truly magical experience, consider visiting Petra by night. Several times a week, the Treasury is illuminated by thousands of candles, creating a serene and enchanting atmosphere. Visitors can walk through the Siq under the stars and listen to traditional Bedouin music as they take in the beauty of Petra’s most famous monument by candlelight.

Conclusion

Petra is more than just an archaeological site; it’s a living testament to the ingenuity of the Nabatean civilisation and their ability to thrive in the harsh desert landscape. With its rich history, awe-inspiring monuments, and stunning natural surroundings, Petra is a must-visit destination for any traveller. Whether you’re exploring the ancient ruins or hiking through the desert canyons, Petra promises a journey that is both educational and unforgettable.

Ready to explore the wonders of Petra? Plan your unforgettable trip today and experience one of the world’s most iconic historical sites!

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